There are 5 North American species in the genus Xanthotype, and they are all virtually indistinguishable from one another. The patterns and colors are all similar and also vary widely within each species. Experts use microscopes to examine the moths' reproductive anatomy, or use genetic testing, in order to identify the species.
In Missouri, the species you are most likely to encounter are the crocus geometer (X. sospeta) and false crocus geometer (X. urticaria).
Adults are yellow or tan, with reddish or purplish dots and small blotches.
The caterpillars are round, light yellowish green or brown, sometimes with lengthwise reddish lines. They rest with their body extended straight out at an angle and resemble little twigs or shoots. The head is flattened and greenish white.
To learn more about the geometrid moth family as a group, visit their family page.
Wingspan: 1–1¾ inches.
Statewide.
Habitat and Conservation
Usually found in and around woodlands. These moths are mostly nocturnal and are often seen at lights. During the day, they rest among understory trees and shrubs.
Food
Larvae feed on a variety of low-growing nonwoody plants as well as several types of trees and shrubs, including dogwood.
Status
Common breeding residents.
Life Cycle
Adults fly from early May into September. There are two generations in Missouri. These moths overwinter as pupae.
Human Connections
“Zantho-tippies” are named for their yellow color (xantho means “yellow”). “Geometer” means earth-measurer, for their “inchworm” caterpillars.
Ecosystem Connections
The caterpillars are herbivores that graze on vegetation. All stages — eggs, caterpillars, pupae, and adults — provide food for predators. Birds, especially, rely on a multitude of plant-eating insects to provide high-protein food for their growing nestlings.
