The most obvious feature of the saddleback crayfish is its bold blackish band (saddle mark) across the hind margin of the carapace; note also the absence of dark blotches or specks. The overall color is olive tan. Another dark bar crosses the head just in front of the cervical groove (the groove separating head from thorax). The pincers are broad and powerful; they are a uniform reddish tan and lack mottling or spots.
Similar species: Within the range of this species are the golden crayfish, which has a darker abdomen and red on many body parts, and the belted crayfish, in which the forwardmost saddle spans the cervical groove.
Adult length: about 1 to 2½ inches.
Confined to the Ozark Region of Missouri, where it is found only in the Meramec River and Big River drainages, but not in the adjoining Bourbeuse drainage.
Habitat and Conservation
Occurs most often in small to medium-sized creeks having clear, permanent flow and stable, rocky bottoms. This crayfish digs shallow burrows beneath rocks. In many small streams where it is found, it is the most abundant crayfish.
Food
Crayfish are generally omnivores, eating a wide variety of plant and animal materials.
Status
The saddleback crayfish is endemic to Missouri: it occurs within our borders and nowhere else in the world.
Life Cycle
Like most other Ozark stream crayfish, this species has a fall breeding season and a spring reproductive season. Eggs are produced in early spring and are carried beneath the mother's abdomen. Females are secretive during this time. After the young hatch, they continue to hold on to the mother's tail until they are able to start being independent. Some young reach maturity in their first year of life. Saddleback crayfish can live for about 3 years.
Human Connections
In addition to feeding many types of wildlife, crayfish provide food for many species that humans hunt and fish. Crayfish commonly serve as fish bait, and many people eat crayfish, too. Crayfish are fascinating, colorful creatures and are part of our rich native heritage.
Ecosystem Connections
Crayfish are an important link in the food chain between plants and other animals, breaking down plant materials that are resistant to decay. Crayfish in turn are an important food for many other animals. Presence of crayfish in a stream or pond usually indicates good water quality.
