Flier

Media
Flier side view photo with black background
Status
Name
Species of Conservation Concern
Scientific Name
Centrarchus macropterus
Family
Centrarchidae (sunfishes) in the order Perciformes (perch-like fishes)
Description

The flier is most similar in appearance to crappie, but the flier has 10-13 dorsal spines. It is deep-bodied and saucer-shaped. It is generally olive-green to brassy in color, with numerous black spots on sides arranged in rows on adults; interrupted rows of black spots on young. Young fliers have a large dark spot with an orange margin in the rear portion of the dorsal fin that gradually disappears as the fish gets older.

Size

Total length: 5 to 7 inches; maximum about 8 inches and 1 pound.

Where To Find
image of Flier distribution map

Largest populations are at Duck Creek Wildlife Area and nearby Mingo National Wildlife Refuge, where extensive areas of standing-water habitat remain.

Prefers quiet, clear bodies of water with little current and considerable aquatic vegetation and mud bottom. In Missouri, these habitats are usually found in sluggish pools of streams, backwaters, oxbows, and bayous. This species inhabits swamps, streams, ditches, and borrow pits with clear water, dense vegetation, and little or no current.

Young fliers feed mostly on small crustaceans, with aquatic and terrestrial insects increasing in the diet as fliers increase in size. Fliers larger than 7 inches feed primarily on insects with fish and crustaceans making up a lesser percentage of the diet.

In Missouri, a Species of Conservation Concern. Uncommon and sporadic in distribution. Ditching and draining of the Bootheel's lowland swamps has eliminated much of this fish's ancestral habitat.

Life Cycle

Fliers live up to 7 years.

Because of its small size and limited distribution in Missouri, the flier is of little interest to anglers. South and southeast of here, where the flier is more common, some anglers catch them with fly fishing tackle because of this species’ habit of hunting for insects on the surface.

Ichthyologists (fish biologists) from Virginia, where fliers are commonly found, have speculated the dark spot found in the rear portion of small flier’s dorsal fin, when coupled with their eye gives the appearance of a much larger fish when viewed from above. This adaptation is believed to deter potential predators like herons.

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About Fishes in Missouri
Missouri has more than 200 kinds of fish, more than are found in most neighboring states. Fishes live in water, breathe with gills, and have fins instead of legs. Most are covered with scales. Most fish in Missouri “look” like fish and could never be confused with anything else. True, lampreys and eels have snakelike bodies — but they also have fins and smooth, slimy skin, which snakes do not.