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Scientific Name
Anguilla rostrata
Family
Anguillidae (freshwater eels) in the order Anguilliformes (eels)
Description
The American eel has a slender, snakelike body with a small pointed head. Its back and sides are brown or green, and the belly is yellow or white. The dorsal, tail and anal fins form a single, continuous fin. The eel’s body appears to be smooth because its scales are so small. The rapid serpentine movement and the smooth, slime-covered skin make the eel almost impossible to hold when captured, giving rise to the “slippery as an eel” saying. Eels are most active at night.
Size
In Missouri, females are usually 16-33 inches; males rarely exceed 18 inches.
Where To Find
In big rivers and major streams throughout much of the state except the southwest region.
Habitat and Conservation
Mainly deep pools around cover, such as logs and boulders, in moderate to large Missouri streams and rivers. The American eel population in Missouri has been reduced by large dams, which restrict its ability to migrate.
Food
Young freshwater eels, or elvers, eat aquatic insects. Adults primarily consume crayfish and fish.
Status
Uncommon. Probably occurs occasionally in every large stream in the state, except where its movements are impeded by dams. Distribution and abundance are difficult to determine, since eels are rarely caught with standard fish-surveying equipment.
Life Cycle
Life Cycle
All eels in Missouri are female. Male eels spend their entire adult lives in estuaries along the coast; only females migrate to inland waters. Most of the female’s adult life occurs in freshwater. Eels then migrate to breed at great depths in Atlantic Ocean south of Bermuda. It is assumed adult eels breed once, then die. When young eels reach coastal waters, they are transparent and called glass eels. As young eels attain pigment and begin the journey into freshwater, they are called elvers.
Human Connections
Although North Americans typically don’t relish eel, Europeans consider smoked eel fine table fare. In addition to smoked, eels are known to be quite tasty fried or pickled.
Ecosystem Connections
American eels control aquatic insects, crayfish and other fish, and they serve as prey to other predators.
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About Fishes in Missouri
Missouri has more than 200 kinds of fish, more than are found in most neighboring states. Fishes live in water, breathe with gills, and have fins instead of legs. Most are covered with scales. Most fish in Missouri “look” like fish and could never be confused with anything else. True, lampreys and eels have snakelike bodies — but they also have fins and smooth, slimy skin, which snakes do not.