Wild Guide: Gray Fox

Gray Fox

Urocyon cinereoargenteus

Status

Common

Size

Total length: 31¼–44 inches; weight: 5–15½ pounds

Distribution

Statewide

There are two species of foxes in Missouri — the gray fox and the red fox. Though they resemble red foxes in general build, gray foxes are distinguished by their grayish color, smaller size, black-tipped tail, coarser fur, and dark brown eyes. Gray foxes are more likely to be found among the forests in the southern half of Missouri. Though they are primarily nocturnal, gray foxes will climb trees during the day to sun, forage for fruits, and take refuge from bothersome dogs. For fur trappers and fox hunters, they are not as desirable as their red counterparts. Their thin, coarse hair is not held in high esteem and is used in inexpensive coats for collars and trim.

Life Cycle

Gray foxes mate from January to May but breeding peaks from February through the first week of March. Most litters contain three to five pups. At about three months, pups leave the den for the first time to accompany their parents on a hunting trip. The family disperses in late summer, when the pups are about six to seven months old. Foxes are chiefly nocturnal but are often out during the day.

Ecosystem Connections

Gray foxes eat rabbits and other small mammals, wild birds, insects, and a small amount of plant matter. They feed on rats and mice, keeping these populations in check. Gray foxes take far less livestock and poultry than red foxes, so they cause little economic loss.