Although it's named for its sweet, purple (edible) fruits, most people learn to identify hackberry because of its interesting bark, which develops numerous corky, wartlike projections that sometimes join to form ridges.
Our state flower, the hawthorn, is solidly represented in Missouri. There are about 100 different kinds of hawthorn that occupy almost every kind of soil in every part of the state. A member of the rose family, it is closely related to the apple.
Though it doesn’t reach a “stately” size, honey locust commands respect because of its many large, strong, usually branched thorns, which can puncture tractor tires as easily as they can poke through tennis shoes! The long, leathery, twisting pods are relished by cattle and by wildlife.
The “hop” in the name is for this tree’s fruits, which are clusters of flattened, papery, scalelike sacs arranged in an overlapping pattern, like scales on a pinecone—resembling the hops that beer is made from. Though we can’t make beer from this hornbeam, ruffed grouse depend on it for winter food.
Native to the northeastern United States and Canada, jack pine has been introduced in many other places, including Missouri. This scrubby tree is planted as an ornamental, for windbreaks or for erosion control. It reproduces locally in and around places where it has been planted.
You might enjoy its fragrance, but don’t kid yourself about this invasive, exotic vine: Japanese honeysuckle is an aggressive colonizer that shades out native plants and harms natural communities. Learn how to recognize it!
There’s no mistaking this tree when its large, tough seedpods are hanging from its limbs or dropping to the ground below. Unpopular as food with today’s wildlife, these seedpods might have been a food source for mastodons and other large, extinct North American mammals.
Decades ago, many invasive exotic plants were introduced with the honorable intention of stopping soil erosion and improving soils, but kudzu is one of the most regrettable of those introductions. This “vine that ate the south” is often the first plant that comes to mind when we think of “invasive exotics.”
This native Missouri honeysuckle is uncommon and widely scattered in the state, but it does well as a trellis vine in the native landscape garden. Identify it by its crowded clusters of tubular, yellow or greenish-yellow flowers, tinged with red, purple or pink, that are noticeably enlarged on one side at the base.
A clumped shrub that grows naturally only in the northeastern part of Missouri, meadow willow lives in low, wet ground in mud or sandy gravel along streams and in wet meadows. Rare in our state, it is perhaps best identified by examining the leaves.