MDC

Endangered Species in the Field Guide

Endangered Species in the Field Guide

Image of an american burying beetle
Nicrophorus americanus

This brightly patterned beetle specializes in cleaning carrion from the landscape, burying the dead bodies of mice, birds and other creatures. Unfortunately, they are endangered in our nation and in our state. Fortunately, there is hope for their survival.

Image of bachman's sparrow
Aimophila aestivalis

This large, ground-nesting sparrow is listed as Endangered in Missouri, where its historic habitat is in decline.

Image of a blanding's turtle
Emydoidea blandingii

This medium-sized turtle has an oval-shaped, moderately high-domed upper shell and a long head and neck.

Dendroica cerulea

For bird watchers, locating warblers among the treetops is difficult because their yellow colors blend in with a multitude of sunlit leaves. This warbler, however, is difficult to spot because its blue blends in with the sky! Learn more about this rare and declining migratory species.

Image of a decurrent false aster
Boltonia decurrens

A big river floodplain species, the decurrent false aster has declined as wetlands have been drained and converted to agricultural crop production.

Image of a spotted skunk
Spilogale putorius

There are two species of skunks in Missouri, the more familiar striped skunk and the lesser-known spotted skunk. The spotted skunk is also called a civet cat, but this name is misleading and incorrect because this mammal is not closely related to the true civets of the Old World or to cats.

Fusconaia ebena

At one time the most valuable shell to the commercial button industry, the ebonyshell is now classified as Endangered in Missouri and is a candidate for federal Endangered status.

elephant's ear
Elliptio crassidens

Today found only in the Meramec River, the elephantear has been classified as Endangered in Missouri and is a candidate for federal Endangered status.

elktoe
Alasmidonta marginata

Although not listed as Endangered, the elktoe is one of many Missouri mussels with a declining population.

Image of a geocarpon
Geocarpon minimum

Also known as "Earth fruit" and "Tiny Tim," this minute, inconspicuous plant is found almost exclusively on sandstone glade outcrops.

Image of a gray bat
Myotis grisescens

Gray bats are difficult to distinguish from little brown bats and Indiana bats. The key identifying feature of the gray bat is that its wing is attached to the ankle and not at the base of the toes.

Photo of a greater prairie chicken
Tympanuchus cupido

This rare bird breeds in select grasslands in the spring, filling the air with their unusual booming calls. With their numbers dwindling, prairie-chickens need strong conservation support.

Cottus carolinae (unique population)

Biologists are studying certain cave-dwelling populations of banded sculpin that have adapted in dramatic ways to cave conditions. They may soon determine that these “grotto sculpins” deserve their own scientific name.

hawthorn tree
Various species in the genus Crataegus

Our state flower, the hawthorn, is solidly represented in Missouri. There are about 100 different kinds of hawthorn that occupy almost every kind of soil in every part of the state. A member of the rose family, it is closely related to the apple.

hellbender, a large brown salamander resting in gravelly streambed
Cryptobranchus alleganiensis

You might think they’re ugly by human standards, but these giant amphibians are a unique part of our wildlife heritage; they direly need help, or they might become extinct within twenty years.

Image of an indiana bat
Myotis sodalis

Indiana bats summer along streams and rivers in north Missouri, raising their young under bark of certain trees. They are listed as endangered by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the state of Missouri.

Lake sturgeon illustration
Acipenser fulvenscens

The largest of Missouri’s three sturgeons is rare and endangered in our state. One way to identify it is by its conical (not shovel-nosed) snout. And despite its name, in our state this fish is almost always found in big rivers—not lakes.

Image of a least tern
Sternula antillarum

Originally, this water bird lived on islands, beaches and sandbars in big rivers, but as these areas have become rare, least terns have been forced to “make do” with dredge islands, dikefields, sandpits and gravel roads atop levees. Because of their habitat loss, they are now endangered.

Image of a massasauga
Sistrurus catenatus

This shy, reclusive, nonaggressive rattlesnake used to live in floodplain wetlands of the Mississippi, Missouri and Grand rivers, but as those wetlands have been drained and destroyed, the massasauga has disappeared with them. Now it is an endangered species.

Image of Mead's milkweed.
Asclepias meadii

This endangered plant once flourished in the tallgrass prairies of the Midwestern United States, including most of Missouri.

Image of a Mississippi green watersnake
Nerodia cyclopion

This semiaquatic snake was once somewhat common in southeastern Missouri but is now quite rare. A heavy-bodied snake, it is greenish-brown with numerous small, obscure brown markings. The belly is dark gray with numerous, yellow half-moon-shaped markings. Watersnakes, although not venomous, do bite viciously to defend themselves and also secret a strong-smelling musk from glands at the base of the tail.

Photo of a Missouri bladderpod
Physaria filiformis

This small, yellow-flowered member of the mustard family is found only in southwest Missouri. It gets its name from the spherical fruits or "bladders" that contain seeds.

Noturus placidus

This endangered species is the smallest catfish in Missouri, where it lives under rocks in riffles or runs, in the clear water of Spring River in Jasper County.

Etheostoma nianguae

Two small, jet-black spots at the base of the tail fin distinguish this small fish from the more than 30 other darters found in our state. Known from only a few tributaries of the Osage River, this dainty and colorful fish is a nationally threatened species.

Image of an Ozark cavefish
Amblyopsis rosae

This small, colorless, blind fish lives its entire life in springs, cave streams and underground waters. It has been declared Endangered in our state and as Threatened by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.

Pallid sturgeon illustration
Scaphirhynchus albus

Similar to shovelnose sturgeon, but with a longer and more pointed snout. Bases of the inner barbels are weakly fringed, and the base of an inner barbel is less than half the width of the base of an outer barbel.

paper wasp
Species in the genus Polistes

Paper wasps are the most familiar of Missouri's social wasps. A late summer nest bristling with dozens of wasps can be an impressive sight. If you have a garden, however, these wasps are your friends!

Photo of a Peregrine falcon
Falco peregrinus

The fastest living animal, this bird can dive at speeds of up to 200 miles per hour! It is currently being reintroduced to the state in urban areas, where skyscrapers replace the cliffs it traditionally nested on.

pink mucket
Lampsilis abrupta

This endangered native mussel lives in flowing waters of large streams among gravel and cobble.

pondberry
Lindera melissifolia

Also called Southern spicebush, this endangered plant is a medium-sized shrub that grows in swampy depressions in lowland forests. In Missouri, only one population occurs, and it is located in southern Ripley County

Image of running buffalo clover
Trifolium stoloniferum

This perennial spreads by sending out long, creeping runners. Now endangered, it once flourished along streams and buffalo trails throughout the grasslands of the eastern and central United States.

scaleshell
Leptodea leptodon

Rarely seen, this Endangered freshwater mussel has a thin and delicate shell that is strikingly beautiful inside.

Plethobasus cyphyus

The sheepnose has been classified as Endangered in Missouri and is a candidate for federal Endangered status.

Snuffbox
Epioblasma triquetra

The snuffbox has been classified as Endangered in Missouri and is a candidate for federal Endangered status. Perhaps it should also be a candidate for a new common name, since the popularity of snuff-taking is long past.

Image of a topeka shiner
Notropis topeka

Currently found in only a few Missouri streams, this endangered native minnow has declined precipitously because of environmental pollution, siltation and loss or alteration of habitat.

Image of a variable groundsnake
Sonora semiannulata semiannulata

A small, secretive, shiny snake that is highly variable in color. It can be gray, brown, orange or even red with or without dark bands, and it has a plain white or cream colored belly with dark transverse bars on the tail.

Deirochelys reticularia miaria

This is a small-to medium-sized turtle with an oval-shaped shell and extremely long neck.

Image of a western prairie fringed orchid
Platanthera praeclara

This showy fringed orchid of Missouri’s western prairies is endangered and known only from a few northwestern locations. Learn why this native wildflower is special, and why it’s so important to preserve our remaining tallgrass prairies.

Image of a wood frog
Lithobates sylvaticus

When the perfectly camouflaged wood frog is sitting quietly among dead oak and maple leaves, it is nearly invisible. When you happen to see one of these rare frogs on a woodsy outing, you have received a special gift.

Kinosternon flavescens

This is a small, dark-colored, semi-aquatic turtle with a restricted range and is considered an endangered species in Missouri.

yellowwood
Cladrastis kentukea

Early Appalachian settlers named this plant yellowwood because the root bark could be used to produce a clear yellow dye. This slow-growing tree is often planted as an ornamental, but in the wild it is uncommon to endangered throughout its natural range.

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